1. pwd (Print Working Directory)

Displays the current directory path where you are working.

pwd

2. ls (List Files)

Lists files and directories in the current location.

ls -l

3. cd (Change Directory)

Used to move from one directory to another.

cd /var/log

4. cat (View File Content)

Displays the contents of a file directly in the terminal.

cat /etc/passwd

5. cp (Copy Files)

Copies files or directories from one place to another.

cp file.txt /home/user/

6. mv (Move or Rename)

Moves files to another location or renames them.

mv oldname.txt newname.txt

7. rm (Remove Files)

Deletes files or directories permanently. Use with caution.

rm file.txt

8. chmod (Change File Permissions)

Sets read, write, and execute permissions for files and directories.

chmod 755 script.sh

9. top (Process Monitoring)

Displays real-time information about running processes, CPU, and memory usage.

top

10. sudo (Superuser Access)

Allows users to run commands with administrative (root) privileges.

sudo apt update